| 55th/53rd Battalion | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1919 1937–1941 1942–1946 |
| Country | Australia |
| Branch | Australian Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | ~800–900 men all ranks[Note 1] |
| Part of | 30th Brigade 11th Brigade |
| Nickname | New South Wales Rifle/West Sydney Regiment |
| Colours | Brown beside Green |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Insignia | |
| Unit Colour Patch | |
The 55th/53rd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army which saw active service during World War II. First formed in 1919 during the demobilisation of the Australian Imperial Force, the battalion was an amalgamation of two other units, the 55th and 53rd Battalions. It was disbanded shortly aftwards and remained off the order of battle until 1937 when it was raised as a part-time unit of the Militia, based in Sydney, New South Wales. In 1941, with the expansion of the Australian Army in response to the growing threat of war in the Pacific, the battalion was split and the 55th and 53rd Battalions reformed separately. In late 1942, however, they were amalgamated once more and together went on to participate in the fighting against the Japanese in New Guinea and on Bougainville.
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The 55th/53rd Battalion was formed briefly in 1919 in Belgium following the cessation of hostilities through the amalgamation of the 55th and 53rd Battalions as men were transferred out of these units as part of the demobilisation of the Australian Imperial Force. As this process reached completion, however, the battalion was disbanded shortly afterwards.[2] In 1921, both the 55th and 53rd Battalions were re-raised as part of the Citizen Forces, in the Sydney, New South Wales region.[3][4]
The economic hardships of the 1930s and the suspension of the compulsory training scheme meant that training opportunities were limited during this time and there were few volunteers. As a result a number of battalions were amalgamated as numbers dropped.[5] The 55th and 53rd remained on the order of battle as separate units, however, until 1937 when they were amalgamated once more, adopting the combined territorial designation of the New South Wales Rifle/West Sydney Regiment.[6]
Following the outbreak of World War II, they remained in existence until October 1941 when the 55th and 53rd were delinked once more and the two battalions took part in the Kokoda Track campaign separately. During this time the 55th had developed a good reputation for itself, however, the 53rd had been poorly prepared for the desperate situation that the Australians were facing around Kokoda and it had not performed so well. In October 1942 it was decided to re-amalgamate the 55th and 53rd and the 55th/53rd was reformed. Initially attached to the 30th Brigade, although later being transferred to the 11th Brigade, it eventually achieved AIF status[Note 2][7] and went on to successfully take part in the fighting around Buna and Gona and Sanananda in 1942–43, before being returned to Australia. In December 1944, they were sent to Boungainville where they took part in the fighting throughout 1945 as part of the 11th Brigade. Following the end of hositilites in August 1945 they undertook garrison duties in Rabaul until mid 1946, when the battalion was repatriated to Australia and disbanded.[6]
During its involvement in the war, the battalion lost 135 men killed or died of wounds, and 197 wounded.[6] Men from the 55th/53rd received the following decorations: one Military Cross, one Distinguished Conduct Medal, four Military Medals and 12 Mentions in Despatches.[6]
The 55th/53rd Battalion received four battle honours: